kosakoff



(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheen 1.

V. LIST &.J. KOSAKOFF.

PETROLEUM'OR OIL ENGINE.

(No Model.) J 2 sheets-sheen 2.

V. LsT an J. KOSAKOFP. PETROLEUM 0R OIL ENGINE.

No. 550,185. Patented Nov. 19, 1895.

YYMw-- i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.,

VICTOR LIST AND .IAKOV KOSAKOFF, OF MOSCOW, RUSSIA.

PETROLEUM OR OIL ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 550,185, dated November 19, 1895.

Original application filed August 3, 1893, Serial No. 482,152. Divided and this application iiled .I une 27, 1894. Serial No. 515,863. (No model.) :Patented in France AprilZl, 1893, No. 229,527; in Belgium May 20, 1898,1To. 104,740; in Italy May 20,1893, LXVII, 30; in Switzerland May 27, 1893, No. 7,061; in Norway .Tune 9, 1893, No. 3,296, and in England June 23, 1893,170.

To'aZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, VrcronLrsr and J A- xow KosAxoEE, subjects of the Emperor of Russia, residing at Moscow, in the Russian Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Engines, (for which we have obtained patents in Belgium, No. 104,740, bearing date May 20, 1893; in Great Britain, No. 12,388, bearing date J une 23, 1893; in France, No. 229,527, bearing date April 21, 1893; in Italy, vol. LXVII, No; 30, bearing date May 20, 1893; in Switzerland, No. 7,061, bearing date May 27, 1893, and in Norway,No. 3,296, bearing date June 9, 1893,) of which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of an application filed by us August 3, 1893, Serial No. 482,152. v

Our invention relates to two-cycle engines worked by gas or vapor generated from mineral oil or liquid hydrocarbon, hereinafter referred to as oil; and it consists of certain novel features and combinations of parts, which will be separately pointed out in the claims concluding this specification.

The chief object of our invention is to effect improvements in the action as regards the development of motive power, and also a simplification in the valve-gear, so that the motor is rendered very accurate and effective in its operation. Moreover, to prevent any waste in the forni of unconsumed gases of the oil by not forming the explosive mixture before the residual products of explosion are expelled and the exhaust closed, and at the same time to reduce the number of valves commonly employed for the admission and discharge of the gas andair and products of combustion.- In the two-cylinder engine hereinafter described this result is obtained with great perfection by dispensing with any air-inlet valves commonly used and valves in the explosion-chamber; the air-supply being effected by suitably-combined action 'of the two working pistons in such a manner that one cylinder supplies the other with the air and charging mixture, the explosion taking place simultaneously and with equal effect in both cylinders, one air supply and compressing chamber being common to the two cylinders. Y

Referring now to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figure 1 illustrates in transverse section, Fig. 2 in longitudinal section, and Fig. 3 in end elevation, a two-cylinder engine constructed according to this invention.

As shown in the drawings, the two pistons B and B2, which work in two cylinders A and A2, represented for convenience of illustration as being arranged at an angle to one another, are connected to one crank-shaft d by two connecting-rods b and b2 in such amanner that they simultaneously transmit motion to the said shaft. The connecting-rods 'and crank work in a casing 0*, inclosing a space or chamber D, communicating as follows, viz: iirst, with the upper ends of the cylinders A and A2 directly; second, with the explosion chamber O C2 C3, through a pipe F, annular passage fo, and orifices f inv/f the .periphery of the cylinder A; third, with the external atmosphere through apassage e, which is opened when the two pistons B B2 require to draw air into the chamber D by means of a balanced piston-valve E'. A flat side-valve may be employed in place of this piston-valve if preferred.

During the rotation of the shaft in the direction of the arrow, and owing tothe arrangement of the connecting-rods, Fig. 1, and the inclined position of the two cylinders relatively to one another, the piston B2 has a certain amount of lead relatively to the piston B', as indicated in Fig. 1, equal to about the height of the exhaust-openings or circumferential oriiices f2 in the cylinder A2. Consequently when the piston B is at the upper extremity of its stroke the piston B2 has already commenced the descent and has just covered the oriiices f2. The same effectnamely, a lead of one piston relatively to the other-may likewise be obtained when the cylinders are arranged parallel to one another by connecting the pistons to separate cranks, so adjusted that one piston moves in advance of the other to the required extent. after a short interval by the piston B',- both When the piston B2 descends, followed pistons draw air through the now .open pas sage e0 from the atmosphere into the chamber I). After the orifices f2 and f are successively closed the air is compressed in the chambers or spaces C C2 of the cylinders A A2, as well as in the explosion-chamber C3, connecting the said cylinders. During this compression period the pump G forces oil through the vaporizer Il, whence it passes, heated and partly in the form of vapor and partly as fine spray, through the open valve I of the vaporizer, into the explosion-chamber C2, where it is caused to impinge against the defiectingplate J in order to obtain a thorough mixture with the air. After the compression of the explosive mixture formed in the chamber C3 in the first place, the piston B', having reached the lower end of its stroke, and the piston B2, owing to its lead, having previously commenced its ascent,the ignition is effected by means of the igniter-tube o and both pistons are forced upward by the explosion. During the whole of this upward movement the products of the explosion expand in the cylindrical chambers or spaces C C2, as well as in the explosion-chamber G2, until the piston B2 u`ncovers the orifices f2 and the pressure in the chambers C C2 C2 falls to one atmosphere, owing to the escape of the products of the explosion through these orifices into an exhaustpipe g. During this upward movement of the pistons the air-passage e is closed bythe slide or piston valve E, so that air is moderately compressed in the chamber D and in the pipe F.

Immediately after the pressure under the cylinders commences to fall to one atmosphere, owing to the opening ofthe orifices f2, the piston B commences to uncover the orificesj", so as to admit air from the chamber D, through the pipe F, into the chamber or space C. This air assists in driving out the products of combustion remaining in the chambers C C2 C2, through the oriicesf2, into i the exhaust-pipe g.

During the descent of the pistons the orificesf 2 are first closed, and immediately therel after the orifices f are likewise closed and l the air, partly mixed with products 'of combustion in the chambers C C2 C2, is coml pressed, being at the same time mixed with the oil-vapor and spray introduced into the chamber C2. After the piston B has arrived g at the lower end of its stroke the explosive l mixture is ignited and the operations are rel peated as before. l

The valve-gear for opening and closing the air-'passage e0 and for working the oil-pump i G and vaporizer-valve I receives motion from i a rod h, actuated by an eccentric g, fixed upon i the crankshaft d. The slide or piston valve E is connected by a bolt l to a block t", provided with a projection n and sliding in a2 slotted head h on the eccentric connectingrod h. A bent or bell-crank catchdever s s4 is pivoted at a' in a recess h2 in the said rod. A spring y acts upon the arm s4 and tends to press -it against the side of the eccentric-rod 7L and cause it to engage with the aforesaid projection 'n in such a manner that the move mentsv of the eccentric are transmitted to the piston-valve E. This valve descends with the eccentric-rod h and on the ascent of the latter is raised when the lower edge m' m2 of the slot in the connecting-rod has ascended suflicicntly to enable it to act upon the block fi. The eccentric is fixed upon the shaft d at such an angle relatively to the crank as to cause the passage e0 to be open during the descent of the two pistons B' and B2.

During the descent a projection E2, cast on the piston-valve E, acts upon a sliding rod t', connected to the extremity of a leverm oscillating on a fixed pivot Q. This lever is joined at M2 to a link t2, which transmits motion to the plunger G of the oil-pump G. The extremity n of this lever is connected to the valve-rod m of the vaporizer-valvc I. By these means the oil which is drawn into the pump G by the plunger G, acted on by a spring L2, is forced through the vaporizer and through the orifice controlled by the valve I into the explosion-chamber C. The upper extremityof the rod t is provided with a plate p2, which is acted on by the slide E on the descent of the latter. The lower end of the said rod t is provided with a screw-thread, by which it is connected to a head S, connected by a pin T to the extremity of the lever By rotating the rod t it can be screwed in or out of the head S so as to adjust the length of the said rod and thereby regulate the stroke of the oil-pump piston or plunger G, and the amount of oil introduced into the explosionchamber. This adjustment is obtained by simply rotating a milled disk U by hand. A spring V, engaging with recesses or notches in the said disk, serves to retain 'the rod t in the position in which it is adjusted relatively to the head S.

In order to obtain a regular and uniform working of the engine under varyingloads an ordinary centrifugal governor is employed, which is attached to the crank-shaft d. This governor is provided with balls R, Fig. 2, which fiy out when the engine runs at an excessive speed and act through levers u2 and u2 upon an annular surface, such as a disk L2, placed upon a boss or sleeve o2 capable of sliding upon the shaft, and in the case of an excessive speed assuming the position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2. The arm .s2 of the catch-lever s2 s, carried by the com necting-rod for the purpose of enabling the latter to act upon the pistonvalve E', then comes in contact during the ascent of the connecting-rod with the edge of the disk L2. This has the effect of moving the extremity s4 away from the projection n and preventing it from lowering the valve E' during the next downward movement of the connectingnrod h, which simply slides along the head of the block `vl Without moving the valve. Consequently the passage e remains closed and the pistons IOO B B2 are prevented from drawing in a fresh charge of air. TheA movement of the oilpump plunger being at the same time suspended, no explosive mixture is formed and no explosion takes place until, owing to a reduction of the speed, the disk L3 is enabled to return to its original position (represented by full lines in the drawings) and allows the spring y to act upon the arm s4 and draw it back into the proper position for acting, through the projection n, upon the valve E', thereby enabling air to be drawn into the air chamber and oil to be injected into the combustion-chamber, so that the explosions take place as before.

We are aware that prior to our invention two-cylinder engines have been constructed, the rods of both pistons being connected to the same crank, so that they perform their strokes together, both acting as pumps for compressinga charge of air or of gaseous mixture in a closed space containing the crank. We therefore do not claim such a combination, broadly; but

What we do claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The combination, in a two-cycle oil or petroleum motor, of two cylinders, having circumferential orifices with pistons controlling the latter and arranged so, that one of the pistons has alead relatively to the other equal to about the height of the circumferential oriiices, a common explosion chamber C C2 C3, common air supplying and compressing chamber D, communicating by a space or chamber F with one of the cylinders A through said orices (f), while the orifices (f2) of the other cylinder A2 open into the exhaust pipe g, substantially as and for the purpose specied.

2. In a valve gear for oil or petroleum engines the combination of a single eccentric (g) driving an eccentric rod (h), with a catch lever s s4 pivoted at o', block c" on the bolt Z of the air slide or valve E', and means whereby the motion of this latter is transferred to the moving parts of the oil-pump G and the vaporizer valve I, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.

3. In a valve gear for oil or petroleum engines the combination of an eccentric g, eccentric rod h, catch lever sB s4, block Z on bolt Z of the air valve E with a projection E2 of the latter, opposite to a rod t' combined with a lever x, connected to the reciprocating rod t2 of the plunger G of the oil pump and to the rod m of the vaporizervalve I, and means for controlling the air valve, oil pump and vaporizer valve by the governor, substantially as described.

4. In a valve gear for oil or petroleum motors the combination of a single eccentric g, rod h, catch lever ss s4, block rl' on bolt Z of the air valve E', projection E2 therefrom, rod Z', lever so, rod t2 of the oil pump plunger and rod m of the vaporizer valve I, with a circular surface or plate L3 of the governor boss or sleeve Q12, the end s3 of the catch lever being opposite to the said circular surface or plate in case the machine runs at too high a speed, substantially as set forth.

5. The lever w, having head S, pivoted at T and the rod t being rotatable by disk U screwed into said head,substantially as shown in Fig. 2 and for the purpose specied.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VICTOR LIST. JAKOW KOSAKOFF.

Witnesses for Victor List:

ALEXANDER BENJAMIN, GEORGE AD. LIsr.

Witnesses for Jakow Kosakoff HENRY SPRINGMANN, ERASMUS PAUL. 

